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. 2025 Jun 23;15:20258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06648-9

Table 3.

Standard deviation test results of the AI-GPSed optimizer compared to the four traditional methods over 50 runs.

Load (MW) Losses ANN-GA GA ANN-PSO PSO ANN-TLBO TLBO ANN-AGTO AGTO
700 Without 0.008406122 77.53660728 0.00603261 0.392228425 0.002779971 0.069864714 0.019156636 5.712028154
700 With 0.008526658 58.68352507 0.005043479 0.415736353 0.003014938 0.065972187 0.015604 2.466363396
1000 Without 0.00971797 80.03744099 0.006956166 0.70528246 0.002242319 0.126883354 0.010885655 2.640581902
1000 With 0.009355813 77.49626751 0.006108874 0.435187508 0.002529071 0.129731888 0.016911248 2.276456326