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. 2025 Jun 23;15:20258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06648-9

Table 4.

The p-value of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test at a 5% significance level for the AI-GPSed optimizer compared to the four traditional methods over 50 runs.

Load (MW) Losses ANN-GA versus GA ANN-PSO versus PSO ANN-TLBO versus TLBO ANN-AGTO versus AGTO
p-value R p-value R p-value R p-value R
700 Without 1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  5.32907E-15  + 
700 With 1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  3.55271E-15  + 
1000 Without 1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  + 
1000 With 1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +  1.77636E-15  +