Table 3.
Study Characteristics
| Author (year), country | Age of participants | Number and identity | Aim of study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adan et al. (2021), United States | Age range: 64–82 | (19) 9: TM, 10: TW | Identify the needs of older transgender adults regarding aging and long-term care. |
| Barrett et al. (2015), Australia | Age range: 65–79 | (12) 6: lesbian, 5: gay, 1: TW | Explore experiences of discrimination for olderc adults. |
| Barrett et al. (2015), Australia | Age range: 47a–79 (mean: 65) | (30): NRb | Explore needs of olderc adults living with dementia. |
| Barrett et al. (2014), Australia | Age range: 65–79 (median: 70) | (12) 6: lesbian, 5: gay, 1: TW | Give olderc people a voice in the development of campaigns and resources. |
| Benoit et al. (2021), United States | Age range: 61–77 | (8) 8: gay | Explore olderc adults experience and perceptions of healthcare services. |
| Butler (2017), United States | Age range: 66–86 (mean: 71.9) | (31) 26: lesbian, 5: care workers | Explore relationships between lesbians receiving care and workers providing care. |
| Butler (2018), United States | Age range: 62–76 | (31) 26: lesbian, 5: care workers | Explore experiences of lesbians with chronic conditions when accessing care. |
| Cloyes and Towsley (2023), United States | Age range: 55+ (mean: 70.62) | (13) 10: lesbian, 3: gay, 1: TGa | Describe olderc adults concern with communicating end of life preferences. |
| Czaja et al. (2016), United States | Age range: 50–89 (mean: 65.68) | (124) 32: lesbian, 92: gay | Understand the concerns and needs of lesbian and gay older adults. |
| Dilshani (2023), Sri Lanka | Age range: 60–65 | (20) 2: lesbian, 18: gay | Examine issues faced by lesbian and gay older adults in Sri Lanka. |
| Dunkle (2018a, b), United States | Age range: 54–80 (mean: 65.65) | (31) 16: lesbian, 15: gay | Explore older lesbians and gays perceptions of funded long term care services. |
| Furlotte et al. (2016), Canada | Age range: 39a–75 (mean: 63.58) | (24) 16: lesbian, 8: gay, 1: TGa Note: all couples. |
Explore gay and lesbian expectations about long term care homes and home care. |
| Gabrielson (2009, 2011), United States | Age range: 55–65 | (10) 10: lesbian | Understand decision making processes and factors influencing lesbians’ perspectives of aged care. |
| Grant and Walker (2020), Australia | Age range: 57–70 | (13) 13: lesbian | Explore perceived barriers and enablers for healthy aging for rural lesbians. |
| Green (2016), Canada | Age range: 50–73 | (6) 2: lesbian, 2: gay, 1: bisexual, 1: NR | Determine experiences and perspectives of living in long term care for olderc adults. |
| Grigorovich (2015a), Canada | Age range: 55–72 (mean: 63.9) | (16) 7: lesbian, 2: lesbian and queer, 1: queer and dyke, 1: bisexual, 4: gay (F), 1: WLW | Understand impact of sexual minority identity on accessing long term care in the home. |
| Grigorovich (2015b), Canada | Age range: 55–72 (mean: 63.9) | (16) (as above) | Deepen knowledge of impact of sexual minority status with chronic illness. |
| Grigorovich (2016), Canada | Age range: 55–72 (mean: 63.9) | (16) (as above) | Investigate older lesbian and bisexual women’s perspectives on long term care in the home. |
| Guasp (2011), United Kingdom | Age range: 55+ | (1036): NRb | Examine expectations of heterosexual and gay people about getting older. |
| Henderson and Khan (2020), South Africa | Age range: 50+ | (22) 8: lesbian, 10: gay, 3: TW, 1: bisexual (M) | Explore the experiences of aging for olderc adults living in South Africa. |
| Higgins et al. (2011) Ireland | Age range: 55–70 | (36) 13: lesbian, 22: gay, 1: bisexual and TW | To examine experiences and needs of olderc adults in Ireland. |
| Hoekstra-Pijpers (2022), Netherlands | Age range: 68–88 | (10) 1: lesbian, 5: gay, 1: TW and lesbian, 2: bisexual (F) | Explore olderc peoples experience of caregiving when aging in place. |
| Hong (2024), Taiwan | Age range: 66–73 (mean: 69) | (5) 5: gay and/or bisexual (M) | Explore the perceptions, needs and willingness of older GBM to use long-term care. |
| Hosking et al. (2021), Australia | Age range: 50+ | (111): NRb | To understand the experiences and needs of older LGBT people. |
| Hughes (2007a), Australia | Age range: 58–72 (mean: 66) | (14) 5: lesbian, 9: gay | Explore older lesbian and gay people’s experiences accessing health and long-term care. |
| Hughes (2007b), Australia | Age range: 58–72 (mean: 66) | (14) 5: lesbian, 9: gay | Explore older lesbian and gay people’s expectations of health and long-term care. |
| Jenkins et al. (2010), United States | Age: 78 | (1)1: lesbian | Explore experience of an older lesbian managing disclosure. |
| Jihanian (2013), United States | Age range: 61–79 | (7) 1: lesbian, 5: gay, 1: TW and Gay | Explore what constitutes as LGBT+ responsiveness by long-term care providers |
| Knochel and Flunker (2021), United States | Age range: 56–73 (mean: 63.46) | (24) 7: TW, 3: TM, 7: MTF, 1: FTM 1: NB, 1: TW and Gay, 4: TG (F) |
Explore impact of gender identity on older TNB adults plans for use of long-term care. |
| Knocker (2012), United Kingdom | Age range: 64–81 | (8) 4: lesbian, 3: gay, 1: bisexual (M) | Explore the views of olderc adults regarding getting older and accessing support. |
| Kortes-Miller et al. (2018), Canada | Age range: 57–78 (mean: 67.39) | (23) 23: NR | Examine fears and hopes of olderc adults regarding long term care. |
| Kushner et al. (2013), New Zealand | Age range: 65–81 | (12) 12: gay | Explore aging experiences of gay men in New Zealand. |
| Lampkowski-Sowle (2018), United States | Age range: 51–67 | (10) 10: lesbian | Understand impact of past experiences on lesbians’ feelings about senior housing. |
| Leyerzapf et al. (2018), the Netherlands | Age range: 55+ | (18) NR |
Understand experience and needs of olderc adults concerning care settings. |
| Lo (2015), Australia | Age range: 62–82 (mean: 68) | (14)14: gay | Explore needs of gay men in relation to long-term care service provision. |
| Lof and Olaison (2020), Sweden | Age range: 65+ | (15) 5: lesbian and bisexual, 5: gay and bisexual, 5: TG | Understand what olderc adults consider important to promote inclusion and recognition. |
| National LGBTI Health Alliance (2019), Australia | Age range: NR | (NR) NRb | To provide a submission into the Royal Commission into Aged Care. |
| National Senior Citizens Law Center (NSCLC) et al. (2010), United States | Age range: 40a–89 | (284): NRb | Understand the experience of olderc adults in long-term care settings. |
| Pang et al. (2019), Canada | Age range: 55–89 (mean: 70) | (24) 2: TM and straight, 4: TM and gay, 8: TW and lesbian, 2: TW and bisexual, 8: TW and straight | Explore how older transgender adults perceive late life care needs. |
| Putney et al. (2018), United States | Age range: 55–87 (mean: 67) | (50) 44: homosexual, 4: bisexual, 1: other, 1: TG and heterosexual | Gain insight into olderc couples needs and fears re residential care. |
| Rivera (2008), United States | Age range: 61–92 (mean: 70) | (15) 7: lesbian, 8: gay | Understand needs and preferences of gay and lesbian older adults regarding long-term care |
| Robinson (2016), New Zealand/United Kingdom/Australia/United States | Age range: 60–80+ | (25) 25: gay | Examine concerns regarding aging and old age for gay men. |
| Sharek et al. (2015), Ireland | Age range: 50–74 | (36) 11: lesbian, 2: lesbian and TG, 22: gay, 1: bisexual and TNB | Explore olderc adults usage, experiences and concerns with long-term care. |
| Siverskog (2023), Sweden | Age range: 67–85 | (7) 2: lesbian, 1: lesbian and TW 4: gay (M) |
Explore Swedish olderc peoples experience of long-term care. |
| Stein et al. (2010), United States | Age range: 60–84 | (16) 4: lesbian, 12: gay | Identify psychological challenges faced by lesbians and gay men when accessing care. |
| Sussman et al. (2018), Canada | Age range: unclear | (9): NRb | Report on state of LGBT inclusivity in long-term care. |
| Tonic Living, Stonewall Housing, and Opening Doors London (ODL) (2020), United Kingdom | Age range: 50–80+ | (624) 168: lesbian, 381: gay, 38: bisexual, 12: pansexual, 25: other | Capture voices of olderc adults regarding choices around long-term. |
| Versteeg (2016), United States | Age range: 58–87 | (11) 3: lesbian, 5: gay, 1: gay and bisexual (M), 1: gay and TNB, 1: bisexual (F) | Explore impact of aging and homophobia on olderc adults. |
| Waling et al. (2020), Australia | Age range: 60–75 | (10) 3: TW and lesbian, 1: TW and asexual, 1: TW and queer, 1: TW and pansexual, 3: TW, unsure, and DND, 1: TW and straight | Explore trans women’s perceptions of residential aged care in Australia. |
| Waling et al. (2019), Australia | Age range: 60–80+ | (33) 19: lesbian, 14: gay | Explore perceptions and concerns of older gay and lesbian people regarding long-term care. |
| Westwood (2016), United Kingdom | Age range: 58–92 (mean: 64) | (60) 29: lesbian, 24: gay (M), 1: gay (F), 2: bisexual (F), 4: DND (F) | Explore aging, gender, and sexuality from an equalities perspective. |
| Westwood (2023), United Kingdom | Age range: 50–89 | (70) 23: lesbian, 30: gay (M), 5: bisexual, 2: asexual, 10: other (pansexual, queer, MTF trans, asexual lesbian, not specified) | To explore delivery of long-term care services to older adults from religious care organizations and staff. |
| Williams et al. (2021), United States | Age range: 60–88 | (11) 7: lesbian, 3: gay, 1: TG and gay | Examine experiences of olderc adults living in rural Appalachia. |
| Willis et al. (2016), United Kingdom | Age range: 50–76 | (29) 18: lesbian, 9: gay, 1: bisexual (M), 1: dyke (F) | To examine older adults’ expectations for future home care and aged care. |
| Wilson et al. (2018), Canada | Age range: 57–78 (mean: 67.39) | (23): NRb | To understand the experience of olderc adults with the health care systems. |
Notes: DND = did not disclose; F = female; FTM = female-to-male transgender; GBM = Gay, Bisexual and other men who have sex with men; LGBTI+ = Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex; M = male; MTF = male-to-female transgender; NB = nonbinary; NR = not reported; TG = transgender (gender not specified); TM = transgender man; TNB = transgender nonbinary; TW = transgender women; WLW = woman loving women. Participants who are reported as gay are male unless otherwise noted.
aData from participants under 50 excluded from analysis.
bNot reported (NR) beyond LGBT.
cOlder LGBTI+ adults.