. 2025 Jun 25;57(6):284. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04536-y

Table 2.

Growth performance of Nile tilapia fed with diets supplemented with different ratios of artichoke leaf extract

	G1-Control	G2-%1 Eng	G3-%2 Eng	G4-%3 Eng
IW	33.9 ± 1.14	33.9 ± 1.14	33.9 ± 1.14	33.9 ± 1.14
FW	47.69 ± 0.6^c	54.79 ± 0.8^b	58.01 ± 0.18^a	53.84 ± 0.63^b
WG	13.79 ± 0.6^c	20.89 ± 0.82^b	24.11 ± 0.18^a	19.94 ± 0.64^b
FCR	2.08 ± 0.09^a	1.66 ± 0.05^b	1.48 ± 0.02^c	1.77 ± 0.07^b
SGR	1.14 ± 0.04^c	1.60 ± 0.04^b	1.79 ± 0.01^a	1.54 ± 0.04^b
PER	1.23 ± 0.06^d	1.54 ± 0.05^b	1.72 ± 0.02^a	1.45 ± 0.06^c
FI	28.75 ± 0.23^c	34.66 ± 0.33^b	35.85 ± 0.63^a	35.28 ± 0.33^ab
DFI	0.95 ± 0.01^c	1.15 ± 0.01^b	1.20 ± 0.02^a	1.18 ± 0.01^ab
CF	1.57 ± 0.05^b	1.65 ± 0.06^a	1.48 ± 0.04^c	1.58 ± 0.06^b
HSI	2.38 ± 0.05^a	2.14 ± 0.07^b	2.10 ± 0.07^b	1.99 ± 0.04^c
VSI	9.70 ± 0.18^a	9.77 ± 0.48^a	9.64 ± 0.26^a	9.73 ± 0.30^a
GSI	1.08 ± 0.27^b	1.08 ± 0.21^b	1.32 ± 0.14^a	1.32 ± 0.12^a

G1(Control): 0.00% artichoke leaf extract; G2: 1.00% artichoke leaf extract; G3: 2.00% artichoke leaf extract; G4: 3.00% artichoke leaf extract. The averages expressed using different letters in each row are significantly different (p < 0.05). IW: Initial fish weight, FW: Final weight, FI: Feed intake, DFI: Daily feed intake, FCR: Feed conversion rates, SGR: Specific growth rate, PER: Protein efficiency ratio, CF: condition factor, GSI: Gonadosomatic index, VSI: Viscerosomatic index, HSI: Hepatosomatic index