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. 2025 Jun 25;57(6):284. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04536-y

Table 4.

Blood serum biochemistry parameters of Nile tilapia fed with different ratios of ALE for 30 days

G1-Control G2-%1 ALE G3-%2 ALE G4-%3 ALE
ALP (U/l) 2.52 ± 1.45d 2.08 ± 1.20a 2.52 ± 1.45b 0.58 ± 0.33c
AST (U/l) 44.00 ± 1.00d 214.00 ± 3.00c 321.33 ± 2.52a 231.33 ± 2.52b
ALT (U/l) 23.00 ± 1.00a 32.00 ± 1.00b 56.33 ± 1.52c 40.67 ± 1.53d
GLU (mg/dl) 73.67 ± 4.16a 61.34 ± 2.08b 51.00 ± 2.00c 32.33 ± 1.53d
P (mg/dl) 10.67 ± 0.21d 19.06 ± 0.12b 20.57 ± 0.40a 14.27 ± 0.21c
Ca (mg/dl) 8.47 ± 0.21c 21.53 ± 0.57a 13.87 ± 1.80b 14.00 ± 1.00b
ALB (g/dl) 1.13 ± 0.02d 1.24 ± 0.01c 1.31 ± 0.02b 1.39 ± 0.02a
CHOL (mg/dl) 227.67 ± 6.11a 171.67 ± 3.05b 117.67 ± 3.21c 91.67 ± 2.52d
CRE (mg/dl) 0.27 ± 0.01a 0.20 ± 0.01b 0.18 ± 0.01c 0.17 ± 0.01c
TP (g/dl) 3.30 ± 0.10a 3.27 ± 0.06a 3.13 ± 0.06ab 3.07 ± 0.15b
GLOB (g/dl) 2.70 ± 0.03a 2.63 ± 0.06a 2.70 ± 0.10a 2.67 ± 0.06a

G1 (Control): 0.00% artichoke leaf extract; G2: 1.00% artichoke leaf extract; G3: 2.00% artichoke leaf extract; G4: 3.00% artichoke leaf extract. There is a statistical difference between the data shown with different letters in the same row (P < 0.05). ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; GLU, glucose; P, phosphorus; Ca, calcium; ALB, albumin; CHOL, cholesterol; CRE, creatine; TP, total protein; GLOB, globulin