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. 2025 May 16;10(6):e00914-24. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00914-24

Fig 1.

Box plots compare Shannon and Chao1 diversity indices between GDM and control groups, depicting significant differences in species richness. PCoA plot visualizes beta diversity, indicating slight but significant separation between groups.

Alpha and beta diversities of the neonatal gut microbiota in the GDM and control groups. Shannon index (A) was used to assess the overall diversity, and Chao1 index (B) was used to assess the richness. Blue bars represent the control group; red bars represent the GDM group. *P < 0.05. Principal coordinate analysis of the unweighted UniFrac distances for neonatal meconium was used to assess the beta diversity (C). Ellipses represent a 95% confidence interval. Each point represents the meconium microbiota of a newborn. Blue points represent the control group; red points represent the GDM group. R2 and P are from PERMANOVA testing for a difference in community structure in newborns with GDM mothers compared to normoglycemic mothers.