Skip to main content
. 2025 Jun 11;14(6):711. doi: 10.3390/antiox14060711
CoQ Coenzyme Q
4-HB hydroxybenzoic acid
BRA β-resorcylic acid
VA vanillic acid
CA caffeic acid
FA ferulic acid
SA sinapic acid
p-CA p-coumaric acid
HPDL 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein
ROS reactive oxygen species
RNS reactive nitrogen species
αS α-synuclein
MSA multiple system atrophy
HSAF heat-stable antifungal factor
DMQ demethoxyubiquinone
TCA tricarboxylic acid
FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
SRNS steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
WAT white adipose tissue
DIO diet-induced obese
MASLD metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
CDK1 cyclin dependent kinase
COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase
SOD superoxide dismutase
GPx glutathione peroxidase
CAT catalase
GSH glutathione
TBARS thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
UC ulcerative colitis
HMC-1 human mast cell line
MDA malondialdehyde
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
MNNG N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
STAT3 transcription 3
PCA Protocatechuic acid
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
ORAC Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
GalN D-galactosamine
ER endoplasmic reticulum
CAPE caffeic acid phenethyl ester
EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
LD Linear dichroism