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. 2025 Jun 11;17(12):1941. doi: 10.3390/cancers17121941
ER Estrogen receptor
HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase
CAK CDK-activating kinase
PFS Progression-free survival
TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer
FDA Food and Drug Administration
RAS Rat sarcoma
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
RAF Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma
MEK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
PDX Patient-derived xenograft
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate
PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
PDK Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
MTORC2 Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2
PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog
RTK Receptor tyrosine kinase
JAK-STAT Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription
FGFR Fibroblast growth factor receptor
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
ROS Reactive oxygen species
HCQ Hydroxychloroquine
ICB Immune checkpoint blockade
PD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1 Programmed cell death-ligand 1
SPOP Speckle-type POZ protein
CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
NFAT Nuclear factor of activated T cell
HLA Human leukocyte antigen
MHC Major histocompatibility complex
NK cell Natural killer cell
SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
MDM2 Mouse double minute 2
WD/DDLS Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma
PDLIM7 PDZ and LIM domain 7
CDH18 Cadherin 18
FOXM1 Forkhead box M1
BH3 Bcl-2 homology 3
BCL-2 B-cell lymphoma 2
CG Cardiac glycoside
FOXO4 Forkhead box o4
HSP90 Heat shock protein 90
AMPKα2 AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2
GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4
Rb Retinoblastoma protein