| CTC | Circulating tumor cell |
| ctDNA | Circulating tumor DNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DTP | Di-thiopropionate |
| EDC | Ethyl di-methyl aminopropyl carbodiimide |
| FDA | Food and Drug Agency |
| GO-SELEX | Graphene oxide-based SELEX |
| HER2 | Receptor tyrosine protein kinase |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| IVDMDD | In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device Directive |
| LSPR | Localized surface plasmon resonance |
| MUA | Mercapto-undecanoic acid |
| NHS | N-hydroxy succinimide |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SAMR | Chinese State Administration for Market Regulation |
| SARS-CoV2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| SELEX | Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment |
| SPR | Surface plasmon resonance |
| SPRi | Surface plasmon resonance imaging |