Kla	Lysine lactylation
MCT	Monocarboxylate transporters
BMDMs	Bone marrow-derived macrophages
YTHDF1	YTH domain-containing family protein 1
HK2	hexokinase 2
VHL	Von Hippel–Lindau
PDGFRβ	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β
m1A	N1-methyladenosine
PML	Promyelocytic leukemia protein
VCAM1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
BUB1B	BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
PDAC	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
KCNK1	Potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1
SRSF10	Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10
MDM4	Murine double minute 4
Bcl-x	BCL2-like 1
HMGB1	High-mobility group box 1
BZW2	Basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 2
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
YY1	Yin Yang-1
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TIMs	Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
CAR	Chimeric antigen receptor
VSMCs	Vascular smooth muscle cells
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
HDAC2	Histone deacetylase 2
CENPs	Centromere proteins
AARS1	Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1
LLPS	Liquid–liquid phase separation
CCNE2	Cycline2
NSCLC	Non-small cell lung cancer
RIG-I	Retinoic acid-inducible gene 1
SHMT2	Serine hydroxymethyl transferase 2
G6PD	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
HPV16 E6	High-risk human papillomaviruse 16 E6
VE-cadherin	Vascular endothelial cadherin
HR	Homologous recombination
CPP	Cell-penetrating peptide
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
EphA2	Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2
ARSI	Androgen receptor signaling inhibitor
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
FASN	Fatty acid synthase
PAN	Polyadenylated nuclear RNA
NAT10	N-acetyltransferase 10
ATAT1	α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1
CCNB1	Cyclin B1
AKR1B10	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10
LUC7L2	LUC7-like protein 2
PCa	Prostate cancer
MRE11	Meiotic recombination 11 homolog
XRCC1	X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1
Ikzf1	IKAROS family zinc finger protein 1
HPLC-MS/MS	High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
α-MHC	α-myosin heavy chain
PTMs	Post-translational modifications
TFs	Transcription factors
CENPA	Cyclin D1
NRP2	Neuropilin 2
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
Kac	Lysine acetylation
ULK1	UNC-51-like kinase 1
TFEB	Transcription factor EB
CRC	Colorectal cancer
TAMs	Tumor-associated macrophages
KSHV	Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
PAN	Polyadenylated nuclear RNA
NAT10	N-acetyltransferase 10
ATAT1	α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1
GRh2	20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2
Kl-la	L-lactylation
Kce	N-ε-(carboxyethyl)-lysine
Kd-la	D-lactyl-lysine
HPV16 E6	Human papillomavirus-16 E6
ACSS2	Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
TIP60	Tat-interactive protein 60 kDa
Brg1	Brahma-related gene 1
SIRT3	Sirtuin 3
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
Lrg1	Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1
Il-10	Interleukin-10
NREP	Neuronal protein 3.1
Akt	Protein Kinase B
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
RUBCNL	RUN domain and cysteine-rich domain containing, Beclin 1-interacting protein-like
Neu2	Neuraminidase 2
SMC4	Structural maintenance of chromosomes 4
BRD4	Bromodomain-containing protein 4
eEF1A2	Elongation factor 1 alpha 2
TEAD1	TEA domain transcription factor 1
DCBLD1	Discoidin, CUB, and LCCL domain-containing type I
CNPY3	Canopy FGF signaling regulator
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
SNAP91	Synaptosome-associated protein 91
p300	Histone acetyltransferase
KAT8	Lysine acetyltransferase 8
Cdh1	Cadherin-1
FGF2	Fibroblast growth factor 2
CCL5	C-C chemokine receptor type 5
IRF1	Interferon regulatory factor 1
IDO1	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
Tlr4	Toll-like receptor 4
Runx1	Runt-related transcription factor
TTK	TTK protein kinase
BUB1B	BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B
Vps34	Vacuolar protein sorting 34
NBS1	Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome protein 1
YAP	Yes-associated protein
MTHFD1L	Methylenetetrahy-drofolate Dehydrogenase 1 Like
NMNAT1	Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1
SMAD3	SMAD family member 3
RARγ	Retinoic acid receptor γ
JAK1	Janus kinase 1
GPR37	Orphan G protein-coupled receptor 37
CXCL1	Chemokines 1
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor protein 3
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-Alpha
SIRT1	Silent information regulator sirtuin 1
ACSF2	Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2
AMPKα	Adenosine-5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α
CCR8	Chemokine (C-Cmotif) receptor 8