LDCT	low-dose computed tomography
SSNs	subsolid nodules
USPSTF	United States Preventive Services Task Force
ER	efficiency ratio
LCS	lung cancer screening
CGSL	China guideline for the screening and early detection of lung cancer
NCCN	National Comprehensive Cancer Network
I-ELCAP	International Early Lung Cancer Action Program
AI	artificial intelligence
PRSs	polygenic risk scores
SNPs	single-nucleotide polymorphisms
MCED	multi-cancer early detection
SDM	shared decision-making
GGNs	ground-glass nodules
IPA	invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma
S-RRL	serial longitudinal radiomics-based RRL model
CEA	carcinoembryonic antigen
ctDNA	circulating tumor DNA
MRD	minimal residual disease
EHRs	electronic health records
CDSTs	clinical decision support tools