| cp | chloroplast |
| LSC | large single copy |
| SSC | small single copy |
| IR | inverted repeat |
| RSCU | relative synonymous codon usage |
| SSR | simple sequence repeats |
| Pi | nucleotide variability |
| PCGs | protein-coding genes |
| Ka | non-synonymous substitutions |
| Ks | synonymous substitutions |
| RFLP | restriction fragment length polymorphism |
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