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. 2025 Jun 12;26(12):5634. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125634
5hmC 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-HT7R Serotonin receptor
ARL13B ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B
BBB Blood–brain barrier
BET Bromodomain and extra-terminal tail
BETi BET inhibitor
BRD Bromodomain-containing protein
C5aR1 Complement C5a receptor 1
CAK CDK-activating kinase
CAM Cell adhesion molecule
CASCADES Cancer stem cell-associated distal enhancer of SOX2
CBX Chromobox
CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase
ceRNA Competing endogenous RNA
Chi3l1 Chitinase 3-like 1
CIA Cytosolic iron–sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly
CK Creatine kinase
CKB CK, brain-type
CNS Central nervous system
COL VI Collagen VI
CpG Cytosine-phosphate-guanine
CRISPR Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CTA Cancer-testis antigen
CTCF CCCTC-binding factor
CTD C-terminal domain
CX43 Connexin 43
d3A dCas9-DNMT3A catalytic domain fusion protein
DLL3 Delta-like protein 3
DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
DNMT DNA methyltransferase
DNMTi DNMT inhibitor
DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
DSB Double-strand break
EGF Epidermal growth factor
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
EpiDoKOL Epigenetic Domain-specific Knockout Library
Erβ Estrogen receptor β
Exo Biosystems-derived exosome
EZH1/2 Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 1/2
FA Fanconi anemia
GBM Glioblastoma multiforme, Glioblastoma
GCV Ganciclovir
GLUT3 Glucose transporter 3
GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4
GSC Glioma stem-like cell
H3K27me3 Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation
H3K4me3 Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation
HAT Histone acetyltransferase
HDAC Histone deacetylase
HDACi HDAC inhibitor
HERV Human endogenous retrovirus
HLA-I Human leukocyte antigen class I
HR Homologous recombination
Hras Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog
HSV-TK Herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase
ICL Interstrand cross-link
IDH Isocitrate dehydrogenase
IMPDH2 lnosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2
IκB Inhibitory κB
lncRNA Long non-coding RNA
LSD1 Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1
m6A N6-methyladenosine
MAO A Monoamine oxidase A
MAZ Myc-associated zinc finger protein
MCM Mini-chromosome maintenance protein
MDH2 Malate dehydrogenase 2
MDHDH Malate dehydrogenase degradation helper
METTL3/14 Methyltransferase-like 3/14
MGMT O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
miRNA, miR MicroRNA
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
MRN Mre11-Rad50-NBS1
mRNA Messenger RNA
MTAP Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase
mTORC2 Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2
NA Not applicable
NAMPT Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase
NAMPTi NAMPT inhibitor
NAPRT Nicotinic acid phosphoribosyl transferase
ncRNA Non-coding RNA
NP Nanoparticle
NY-ESO1 New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1
OGT O-GlcNAc transferase
PARP Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
PcG Polycomb group
PCr Phosphocreatine
PDGFR Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
PDGFRA Platelet-derived growth factor receptor A
PDIA5 Protein disulfide isomerase A5
PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1
PEI Polyethylenimine
PHAX Phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export
PKM2 Pyruvate kinase M2
PLD Phospholipase D
PLEKHA4 Pleckstrin homology domain containing A4
PLL Polylysine
Pol II RNA polymerase II
PRC1/2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/2
PRISMA-ScR PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews
PRMT5/6 Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5/6
PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog
PTGFRN Prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor
RARβ Retinoic acid receptor β
RBBP4 Retinoblastoma binding protein 4
ROS Reactive oxygen species
Rova-T Rovalpituzumab tesirine
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
RSK4 Ribosomal S6 kinase 4
RTK Receptor tyrosine kinase
SCD Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
SE Super-enhancer
sgRNA Single guide RNA
SHH Sonic Hedgehog
siRNA Small interfering RNA
snoRNP Small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein
SNX10 Sorting nexin 10
TAM Tumor-associated macrophage
TE Transposable element
TGF-β Transforming growth factor β
TME Tumor microenvironment
TMZ Temozolomide
TRAIL Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
TSA Trichostatin A
U3 snoRNA U3 small nucleolar RNA
USP6NL Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 6 N-terminal-like
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
WHO World Health Organization
YY1 Yin Yang 1