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. 2025 Jun 11;11:e2904. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2904

Table 9. Comparison of visual quality of adversarial faces generated by different methods (FaceNet White-box, CosFace Black-box).

Method Vision metric Attack metric
SSIM↑ PSNR↑ MSE↓ ASR 1 ASR 2 FSS&FTS
FGSM 88.4% 32.4 35.9 29.3% 29.3% 64.6&18.0
MI-FGSM 87.0% 32.3 36.3 69.5% 69.2% 53.5&31.2
C&W 99.4% 47.3 1.2 4.2% 4.2% 97.0&8.3
AdvMakeUP 97.4% 31.6 56.7 28.0% 28.0% 84.1&18.4
AT3D 88.4% 22.8 386.8 60.6% 60.2% 37.9&30.5
AdvFaces 91.6% 30.5 59.6 91.0% 87.4% 47.8&40.3
TIP-IM 83.7% 31.4 43.9 66.7% 27.5% 23.2&29.6
SiblingAttack 60.8% 25.1 196.4 92.7% 83.1% 40.3&42.5
DiffAM 82.4% 16.9 1367.0 38.2% 24.3% 31.5&22.3
ɛ = 4 w.oζ w.oη 93.8% 33.3 28.1 92.3% 91.6% 54.8&40.6
ɛ = 5 w.oζ w.oη 91.0% 31.3 43.9 96.8% 92.0% 46.1&46.4
ɛ = 5 ζ = 0.92 η = 0.15 94.0% 32.0 37.4 94.4% 93.9% 55.29&43.4