BAs	Bile acids
DPP-4	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
EECs	Colonic enteroendocrine cells
FFAR	Free fatty acid receptor
FOS	Fructooligosaccharides
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
GIP	Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
GIPR	GIP receptor
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLP-1R	GLP-1 receptors
GPR	G-protein-coupled receptor
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
PCOS	Polycystic ovary syndrome
PYY	Peptide YY
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
Treg	Regulatory T cell
NAS	Non-caloric artificial sweetener