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. 2025 Jun 19;14(12):4359. doi: 10.3390/jcm14124359
AR augmented reality
VSP virtual surgical planning
VOSTARS Video and Optical See-Through Augmented Reality Surgical System
  • CAD/CAM—Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing

  • AR-EM—Augmented Reality–Electromagnetic

  • PACS—Picture Archiving and Communication System

  • EHRs—Electronic Health Records

  • AI—Artificial Intelligence

  • LiDAR—Light Detection and Ranging