| FO | Forward osmosis |
| FS | Feed solution |
| DS | Draw solution |
| DSSD | Draw solution split distribution |
| RO | Reverse osmosis |
| ICP | Internal concentration polarization |
| ECP | External concentration polarization |
| NRMSE | Normalized root mean square error |
| HP | High-pressure pump |
| LP | Low-pressure pump |
| BP | Booster pump |
| ERD | Energy recovery device |
| MD | Membrane distillation |
| MED | Multi-effect distillation |
| A | Water permeability |
| B | Slat permeability |
| Δπef | Effective osmotic pressure difference |
| ΔP | Transmembrane pressure |
| S | Structural parameter |
| Sh | Sherwood number |
| Re | Reynolds number |
| Sc | Schmidt number |
| dH | Hydraulic diameter |
| Qc | Flow rate of concentrated feed solution |
| Cc | Concentration of concentrated feed solution |
| Pc | Pressure of concentrated feed solution |
| Qd | Flow rate of draw solution |
| Cd | Concentration of draw solution |
| Pd | Pressure of draw solution |
| Qdd | Flow rate of diluted draw solution |
| Cdd | Concentration of diluted draw solution |
| Pdd | Pressure of diluted draw solution |
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