AAEs	Ascorbic acid equivalents
Akt/mTOR	Protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin
AMR	Antimicrobial resistance
ANOVA	Analysis of variance
ASTM	American Society for Testing and Materials
ATCC	American Type Culture Collection
ATR	Attenuated total reflectance
CFU	Colony-forming units
CRKP	Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae
DDS	Drug delivery system
ΔH	Enthalpy change
DLS	Dynamic light scattering
DMEM	Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
DMSO	Dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DPPH	2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DTA	Differential thermal analysis
DTG	Derivative thermogravimetry
EC%	Loading capacity
EDS	Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy
EE%	Encapsulation efficiency
ESI–QTOF–MS	Electro-spray ionization–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry
EHEC	Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
ETEC	Enterotoxigenic E. coli
EY%	Encapsulation yield
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
FEG	Field emission gun
FRAP	Ferric reducing antioxidant power
FTIR	Fourier-transform infrared
GAE	Gallic acid equivalents
GC–MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GRAS	Generally recognized as safe
HF	Heat flow
HT	High temperature
IC50	Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
ICDD	International Centre for Diffraction Data
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IS	Internal standard
IZ	Inhibition zone
MBC	Minimum bactericidal concentration
MIC	Minimum inhibitory concentration
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
MRSA	Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
MTT	3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
MZO	Maltodextrin–Zingiber officinale
NBS	National Bureau of Standards
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-kappa B
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology
PDI	Polydispersity index
PSD	Particle size distribution
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RT	Room temperature
SD	Standard deviation
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
TAC	Total antioxidant capacity
TG	Thermogravimetry
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TPC	Total phenolic content
UAE	Ultrasound-assisted extraction
UPEC	Uropathogenic E. coli
UTI	Urinary tract infection
UV–Vis	Ultraviolet–visible
VOC	Volatile organic compound
VRE	Vancomycin resistance
WPPF	Whole powder profile fitting
XRD	X-ray diffraction
ZO	Zingiber officinale