| FA | Ferulic acid |
| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| UC | Ulcerative colitis |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| JAK/STAT | Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| TCMs | Traditional Chinese medicines |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
| CAM | Cell adhesion molecule |
| NLRP3 | NOD-like receptor protein 3 |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| PPARγ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| IKK | IkappaB kinase |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| CCI | Chronic constriction injury |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| ERK | Extracellular regulated kinase |
| CAT | Catalase |
| PTP1B | Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B |
| MetS | Metabolic syndrome |
| Nrf2/HO-1 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 |
| PI3K/Akt | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B |
| PIP3 | Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate |
| PIP2 | Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| RA-FLS | Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes |
| AA-FLS | Adjuvant arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand |
| ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| Th2 | T-helper type 2 |
| HIMECs | Human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-gamma |
| iNOs | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| CUMS | Chronic unpredictable mild stress |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
| CIA | Collagen-induced arthritis |
| ALI | Acute lung injury |
| AS | Atherosclerosis |
| ARVM | Adult rat ventricular myocytes |
| ALD | Alcoholic liver disease |
| DN | Diabetic nephropathy |
| AKI | Acute kidney injury |
| IgE | Immunoglobulin E |
| KD | Kawasaki disease |
| CXCL | C-X-C Chemokine Ligand |
| BMECs | Bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| SMEDDS | Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system |
| AUC0−t | Area under the concentration–time curve |