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. 2025 May 22;17(6):79. doi: 10.3390/neurolint17060079

Table 2.

Balance test performance of patients versus controls.

Test (Unit of Measure) Age (Years) Condition Mean ± SD p Value Cohen’s d ES
Patient Control
mCTSIB 40–59 N = 29 N = 29
(degrees/second) Firm Eyes Open 0.36 ± 0.12 0.27 ± 0.12 0.003 0.72 Medium
Firm Eyes Closed 0.78 ± 0.99 0.33 ± 0.13 0.020 0.73 Medium
Foam Eyes Open 1.05 ± 1.20 0.63 ± 0.17 0.076 0.57 Medium
Foam Eyes Closed 3.40 ± 1.74 1.61 ± 0.45 0.000 1.60 Large
60–69 N = 17 N = 26
(degrees/second) Firm Eyes Open 0.38 ± 0.12 0.28 ± 0.12 0.009 0.86 Large
Firm Eyes Closed 0.68 ± 0.30 0.31 ± 0.11 0.000 1.80 Large
Foam Eyes Open 0.83 ± 0.45 0.69 ± 0.15 0.252 0.48 Small
Foam Eyes Closed 4.11 ± 1.94 1.60 ± 0.52 0.000 2.03 Large
MCT 20–59 N = 25 N = 29
(milliseconds) Latency Left 143.6 ± 11.9 117.0 ± 19.8 0.000 1.60 Large
Latency Right 140.0 ± 13.5 117.0 ± 19.8 0.000 1.34 Large
(unitless) Strength Left 10.92 ± 4.43 8.60 ± 4.30 0.057 0.53 Medium
Strength Right 9.24 ± 3.53 8.60 ± 4.30 0.550 0.16 Small
60–69 N = 11 N = 54
(milliseconds) Latency Left 150.0 ± 14.8 124.0 ± 15.6 0.000 1.68 Large
Latency Right 152.7 ± 14.2 124.0 ± 15.6 0.000 1.87 Large
(unitless) Strength Left 8.27 ± 4.03 9.90 ± 3.40 0.231 0.47 Small
Strength Right 7.73 ± 4.15 9.90 ± 3.40 0.127 0.62 Medium

Notes: Performance of patients who were able to complete mCTSIB and MCT compared to a normative database of control subjects. The unit of measure for mCTSIB is sway velocity of the center of gravity, measured in degrees/second. MCT measures are latency of response (milliseconds), either right or left, and strength = amplitude of the strength response (unitless), either right or left. Significant p values are bolded. Two 70-year-old participants were excluded from the analysis due to a lack of normative data for comparison.