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. 2025 Jun 6;17(12):1946. doi: 10.3390/nu17121946
ABC Ammonium bicarbonate
AGC Automatic gain control
A2 Lac Lactose-free A2 milk
ANOVA Analysis of variance
BCM-7 β-casomorphin-7
BMI Body mass index
DTT Dithiothreitol
ESI-MS/MS Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
FA Formic acid
GI Gastrointestinal
H2 Hydrogen
HCD Higher-energy collisional dissociation
IRB Institutional Review Board
JAR Just-About-Right
Lac Lactaid (lactose-free conventional milk)
m/z Mass-to-charge ratio
MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
MS Mass spectrometry
PPM Parts per million
RF Radio frequency
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
SD Standard deviation
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
UHPLC Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
UHT Ultra-high temperature
VAS Visual analog scale