Table 2.
Results of subgroup analysis.
| Subgroup | Number of studies | Sensitivity [95%CI] | Specificity [95%CI] | DLR +[95%CI] | DLR -[95%CI] | AUC [95%CI] | DOR [95%CI] | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA | ||||||||
| Sample size | 0.045 | |||||||
| <100 | 39 | 0.79 [0.74-0.83] | 0.81 [0.73-0.87] | 4.07 [2.92-5.68] | 0.26 [0.22-0.32] | 0.86 [0.82-0.89] | 15.46 [10.10-23.66] | |
| ≥100 | 45 | 0.67 [0.63-0.71] | 0.81 [0.77-0.84] | 3.56 [3.02-4.20] | 0.40 [0.36-0.46] | 0.81 [0.77-0.84] | 8.80 [7.02-11.03] | |
| Types of sample | 0.458 | |||||||
| Serum | 69 | 0.72 [0.68-0.76] | 0.80 [0.76-0.84] | 3.66 [3.03-4.42] | 0.35 [0.31-0.40] | 0.82 [0.79-0.85] | 10.45 [8.13-13.43] | |
| Plasma | 15 | 0.74 [0.68-0.79] | 0.80 [0.76-0.84] | 3.77 [3.11-4.58] | 0.32 [0.26-0.40] | 0.84 [0.81-0.87] | 11.66 [8.60-15.81] | |
| Types of contrast | 0.555 | |||||||
| HC | 71 | 0.72 [0.69-0.76] | 0.81 [0.78-0.84] | 3.82 [3.26-4.48] | 0.34 [0.30-0.38] | 0.83 [0.80-0.86] | 11.24 [9.40-13.90] | |
| Patients | 6 | 0.73 [0.53-0.87] | 0.78 [0.63-0.88] | 3.31 [1.83-6.01] | 0.34 [0.18-0.65] | 0.83 [0.79-0.86] | 9.68 [3.28-28.55] | |
| MIX | 7 | 0.73 [0.52-0.87] | 0.73 [0.51-0.88] | 2.70 [1.51-4.86] | 0.37 [0.22-0.64] | 0.79 [0.75-0.82] | 7.24 [3.13-16.75] | |
| Methods of exosome extraction | 0.001 | |||||||
| exosome isolation kit | 57 | 0.75 [0.71-0.79] | 0.81 [0.77-0.84] | 3.86 [3.22-4.63] | 0.31 [0.27-0.36] | 0.85 [0.81-0.87] | 12.50 [9.70-16.12] | |
| Ultracentrifugation | 21 | 0.65 [0.57-0.72] | 0.77 [0.69-0.84] | 2.85 [2.16-3.76] | 0.46 [0.39-0.54] | 0.76 [0.72-0.80] | 6.25 [4.45-8.79] | |
| Other | 6 | 0.70 [0.56-0.81] | 0.87 [0.73-0.94] | 5.38 [2.66-10.91] | 0.35 [0.24-0.50] | 0.85 [0.82-0.88] | 15.53 [6.99-34.53] | |
| RNA detection | 0.013 | |||||||
| QRT-PCR | 77 | 0.72 [0.68-0.75] | 0.81 [0.77-0.84] | 3.82 [3.23-4.53] | 0.35 [0.31-0.39] | 0.83 [0.80-0.86] | 11.07 [8.83-13.87] | |
| RT-PCR | 6 | 0.75 [0.69-0.80] | 0.68 [0.61-0.74] | 2.32 [1.90-2.84] | 0.37 [0.30-0.46] | 0.78 [0.74-0.81] | 6.21 [4.28-9.01] | |
| RNA-seq | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Number of miRNA detected | 0.173 | |||||||
| Single | 58 | 0.72 [0.68-0.77] | 0.82 [0.77-0.86] | 3.97 [3.16-5.00] | 0.33 [0.29-0.38] | 0.83 [0.80-0.86] | 11.93 [8.89-16.01] | |
| Mutiple | 26 | 0.72 [0.65-0.77] | 0.78 [0.73-0.82] | 3.20 [2.70-3.79] | 0.37 [0.31-0.44] | 0.82 [0.78-0.85] | 8.73 [6.64-11.47] | |
| LncRNA | ||||||||
| Sample size | 0.000 | |||||||
| <100 | 9 | 0.80 [0.76-0.84] | 0.73 [0.68-0.78] | 3.00 [2.46-3.66] | 0.27 [0.21-0.34] | 0.84 [0.80-0.87] | 11.18 [7.64-16.35] | |
| ≥100 | 51 | 0.86 [0.84-0.88] | 0.82 [0.80-0.84] | 4.83 [4.45-5.24] | 0.17 [0.15-0.19] | 0.90 [0.87-0.92] | 28.57 [24.81-32.91] | |
| Types of sample | 0.916 | |||||||
| Serum | 22 | 0.83 [0.79-0.86] | 0.85 [0.81-0.87] | 5.38 [4.54-6.37] | 0.20 [0.16-0.25] | 0.90 [0.88-0.93] | 26.66 [20.90-34.01] | |
| Plasma | 38 | 0.87 [0.85-0.89] | 0.80 [0.78-0.81] | 4.27 [3.91-4.65] | 0.16 [0.14-0.19] | 0.88 [0.85-0.90] | 26.11 [21.54-31.64] | |
| Types of contrast | 0.834 | |||||||
| HC | 26 | 0.85 [0.81-0.88] | 0.82 [0.79-0.85] | 4.67 [4.02-5.42] | 0.18 [0.15-0.22] | 0.90 [0.87-0.92] | 25.48 [19.95-32.55] | |
| Patients | 23 | 0.87 [0.84-0.89] | 0.81 [0.78-0.83] | 4.47 [3.94-5.07] | 0.17 [0.14-0.19] | 0.88 [0.84-0.90] | 26.94 [21.87-33.18] | |
| MIX | 11 | 0.85 [0.79-0.89] | 0.82 [0.78-0.84] | 4.61 [3.97-5.36] | 0.18 [0.13-0.26] | 0.88 [0.85-0.91] | 24.95 [17.14-36.31] | |
| Methods of exosome extraction | 0.108 | |||||||
| exosome isolation kit | 38 | 0.86 [0.84-0.88] | 0.81 [0.79-0.82] | 4.48 [4.14-4.86] | 0.17 [0.15-0.20] | 0.87 [0.84-0.90] | 26.13 [21.83-31.29] | |
| Ultracentrifugation | 13 | 0.85 [0.79-0.89] | 0.85 [0.82-0.88] | 5.66 [4.79-6.69] | 0.18 [0.13-0.24] | 0.91 [0.88-0.93] | 31.65 [23.99-41.76] | |
| Other | 9 | 0.82 [0.78-0.86] | 0.77 [0.68-0.84] | 3.65 [2.59-5.14] | 0.23 [0.18-0.28] | 0.85 [0.82-0.88] | 16.12 [10.04-25.87] | |
| RNA detection | 0.002 | |||||||
| QRT-PCR | 43 | 0.85 [0.83-0.87] | 0.82 [0.80-0.83] | 4.65 [4.27-5.06] | 0.18 [0.16-0.21] | 0.89 [0.86-0.91] | 25.65 [21.69-30.32] | |
| RT-PCR | 10 | 0.88 [0.86-0.89] | 0.84 [0.81-0.87] | 5.60 [4.73-6.63] | 0.15 [0.13-0.17] | 0.92 [0.89-0.94] | 38.23 [30.34-48.17] | |
| Other(PCR, QPCR) | 7 | 0.83 [0.75-0.88] | 0.75 [0.66-0.82] | 3.31 [2.42-4.53] | 0.23 [0.17-0.32] | 0.86 [0.83-0.89] | 14.25 [8.66-23.46] | |
| Number of lncRNA detected | / | |||||||
| Single | 60 | 0.86 [0.84-0.87] | 0.82 [0.80-0.83] | 4.64 [4.27-5.03] | 0.18 [0.16-0.20] | 0.89 [0.86-0.92] | 26.35 [22.76-30.51] | |
| Mutiple | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| CircRNA | ||||||||
| Sample size | 0.243 | |||||||
| <100 | 5 | 0.63 [0.50-0.75] | 0.88 [0.79-0.93] | 5.07 [3.20-8.04] | 0.42 [0.31-0.57] | 0.85 [0.82-0.88] | 12.11 [6.98-20.99] | |
| ≥100 | 15 | 0.73 [0.63-0.81] | 0.89 [0.79-0.94] | 6.47 [3.59-11.68] | 0.30 [0.23-0.40] | 0.87 [0.84-0.90] | 21.46 [12.56-36.69] | |
| Types of sample | 0.304 | |||||||
| Serum | 8 | 0.75 [0.63-0.84] | 0.82 [0.65-0.92] | 4.212.25-7.87] | 0.30 [0.22-0.42] | 0.85 [0.81-0.88] | 14.05 [7.93-24.89] | |
| Plasma | 12 | 0.68 [0.57-0.77] | 0.91 [0.84-0.95] | 7.64 [4.44-13.13] | 0.35 [0.27-0.47] | 0.87 [0.84-0.90] | 21.54 [12.26-37.84] | |
| Types of contrast | 0.137 | |||||||
| HC | 17 | 0.71 [0.61-0.79] | 0.89 [0.81-0.94] | 6.28 [3.90-10.13] | 0.32 [0.25-0.43] | 0.87 [0.84-0.90] | 19.40 [12.05-31.22] | |
| Patients | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| MIX | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Methods of exosome extraction | 0.257 | |||||||
| exosome isolation kit | 11 | 0.68 [0.52-0.81] | 0.89 [0.78-0.95] | 5.98 [3.31-10.79] | 0.36 [0.24-0.54] | 0.87 [0.83-0.89] | 16.58 [9.13-30.12] | |
| Other | 9 | 0.74 [0.67-0.80] | 0.88 [0.76-0.94] | 6.18 [3.18-12.01] | 0.30 [0.25-0.35] | 0.84 [0.80-0.87] | 20.90 [11.33-38.55] | |
| RNA detection | 0.000 | |||||||
| QRT-PCR | 12 | 0.68 [0.53-0.81] | 0.90 [0.80-0.95] | 6.98 [3.76-12.93] | 0.35 [0.24-0.52] | 0.88 [0.85-0.90] | 19.96 [10.95-36.37] | |
| RT-PCR | 5 | 0.78 [0.74-0.81] | 0.74 [0.65-0.81] | 2.94 [2.19-3.95] | 0.30 [0.25-0.36] | 0.81 [0.77-0.84] | 9.70 [6.39-14.72] | |
| Other | 3 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| Number of circRNA detected | 0.847 | |||||||
| Single | 19 | 0.71 [0.62-0.79] | 0.89 [0.81-0.93] | 6.24 [3.90-9.97] | 0.33 [0.25-0.42] | 0.86 [0.83-0.89] | 19.11 [12.17-30.00] | |
| Mutiple | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |