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Colourimetric
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Papers focus on analytes from hazardous chemicals to nerve agents and environmental contaminants, with many in the gas phase. With a focus on the portability and rapid response of sensors |
Rocher et al. (2021), Ahamed et al. (2023), Kumar (2021b), Zhao et al. (2022a), Chen et al. (2020b), Shin et al. (2020), Takahashi et al. (2021), María-Hormigos et al. (2022)
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Kamel and Khattab (2020), Pena-Pereira et al. (2021)
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Electrochemical
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Key themes were the use of nanomaterials nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles and portability |
Ataide et al. (2020), Noviana et al. (2019), Balaji et al. (2020), Kweitsu et al. (2021), Kim et al. (2020), Zhu et al. (2022a), Liu et al. (2022c), Kolacz et al. (2023), Ong et al. (2023), Santana et al. (2021), Yoo et al. (2022), Myadam et al. (2021), Montali et al. (2020), Nagabooshanam et al. (2021), Wang et al. (2020c)
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Nadar et al. (2021), Kamel and Khattab (2020), Pena-Pereira et al. (2021), Castro et al. (2022), Shalini Devi et al. (2021), Kadu et al. (2023), Pohanka (2022)
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Immunoassay
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Key themes were the use of nanomaterials and group recognition |
Meir et al. (2020), Chengyi et al. (2020), Mao et al. (2021b), Senra and Fonseca (2021), Pöhlmann and Elßner (2020), Tuccitto et al. (2020a), Tuccitto et al. (2020b), Wille and Elliott (2021), Lu et al. (2021), Wang et al. (2023a), Köse et al. (2021), Lan et al. (2020), Yao et al. (2020), Zhou et al. (2020)
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Nadar et al. (2021), Yan et al. (2021), Nardo et al. (2021), Kamel and Khattab (2020), Mao et al. (2021a), Pena-Pereira et al. (2021), Kumar et al. (2020b), Nurazzi et al. (2021), Rary et al. (2020)
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Luminescence
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Key themes were the use of ecofriendly materials, dual recognition and gas sensing |
Rocher et al. (2021), Su et al. (2021), Naik et al. (2020), Xue et al. (2021), Ahamed et al. (2023), Kumar (2021b), Zhu et al. (2022a), Liu et al. (2022c), Chen et al. (2022), Chen et al. (2023a), Das et al. (2022), Feng et al. (2023), Nugroho et al. (2023), Qiu et al. (2022), Suhasini et al. (2021), Wu et al. (2022a), Zhang et al. (2022d), Zhao et al. (2020a), Lian et al. (2020a), Harsha et al. (2020), Ke et al. (2020), Dagnaw et al. (2020), Ma et al. (2020), Montali et al. (2020), Pappalardo et al. (2020), Wu et al. (2020b), Xu et al. (2020), Xu et al. (2021), Yang et al. (2020a), Yang et al. (2020b), Yao et al. (2020), Yi and Zhang (2021)
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Nadar et al. (2021), Kumar (2021a), Kamel and Khattab (2020), Pena-Pereira et al. (2021), Verhagen and Kelarakis (2020), Ganesan and Nagaraaj (2020), Tuccitto et al. (2020c), Hang et al. (2022)
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Raman
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Key themes were the use of novel materials quantum dots, nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, environmental monitoring and portability |
Vunckx et al. (2020), Yang et al. (2021a), Balaji et al. (2020), Tay and Hulse (2021), Wille and Elliott (2021), Lu et al. (2021), Wang et al. (2023a), Atta and Vo-Dinh (2023), Liu et al. (2022d), Wu et al. (2022b), Xie et al. (2022b), Ding et al. (2022)
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Hang et al. (2022), Zhang et al. (2022b)
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Other
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Key themes were the use of dual detection, environmental monitoring and nanomaterials |
Dhar et al. (2021), Díez-Pascual et al. (2022), Viola et al. (2023), Liberatore et al. (2023), Zhu et al. (2022b), Guria et al. (2020), Kvachakhia et al. (2020), Rahman et al. (2020), Estevez et al. (2022)
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Senesi et al. (2021)
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| Currently used by UK police and authorities |
| Portable infrared spectrometers are currently used (Thermo Scientific, 2024). Additionally, biosensors (Naresh and Lee, 2021; Justino et al., 2017) based on electrochemical, optical, or piezoelectric principles, as well as multiplex immunoassay platforms (Mégarbane et al., 2020; Pöhlmann and Elßner, 2020), are employed for detecting a variety of substances |
