Table 1.
Prevalence of ADHD and ASD in OFCs
| Study | Total number with an OFC | ASD (n) | ADHD (n) | Total number of controls | ASD (n) | ADHD (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-syndromic | 9673 | |||||
| Huang et al. | 1158 | 0.35% (4) | 3.97% (46) | 11,580 | 0.06% (7) | 0.55% (64) |
| Tillman et al. | 7842 | 2.44% (191) | 2.89% (227) | 78,409 | 0.98% (765) | 2.04% (1839) |
| (CL) 2526 | 1.46% (37) | 2.34% (59) | 25,253 | 0.97% (246) | 2.10% (530) | |
| (CPO) 3436 | 3.41% (117) | 3.67% (126) | 34,356 | 0.96% (330) | 1.90% (653) | |
| (CLP) 3048 | 1.90% (58) | 2.66% (81) | 30,476 | 1.01% (309) | 2.15% (656) | |
| Junaid et al. | 673 | 0% (0) | ||||
| Syndromic | 733 | |||||
| Fine et al. | 98 | 14.29% (14) | ||||
| Vorstman et al. | 60 | 50.00% (30) | 6.67% (4) | |||
| Antshel et al. | 84 | 42.68% (36) | 38 | 26.32% (10) | ||
| Antshel et al. | 41 | 41.46% (17) | ||||
| Niklasson et al. | 100 | 30.00% (30) | 23.00% (23) | |||
| Angkustsiri et al. | 29 | 17.24% (5) | ||||
| Junaid et al. | 361 | 1.66% (6) |
Abbreviations. ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder; ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; OFC, Orofacial Cleft; CL, Cleft Lip; CPO, Cleft Palate Only; CLP, Cleft Lip and Palate