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. 2025 Jun 3;38(6):963–974. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00506

3. Cancer Target Organs for Frequent U.S. Superfund Compound/Metal Mixtures.

Mixture of Three No. of Superfund Sites Human Cancer Target Organ
Nickel, Cadmium, Arsenic 496 Nickel (lung)
Cadmium (lung)
Arsenic (skin, lung, digestive tract, liver, urinary bladder, kidney, and lymphatic and hematopoietic systems)
Benzene, Arsenic, Trichloroethene 451 Benzene (lymphoma, leukemia)
Arsenic (skin, lung, digestive tract, liver, urinary bladder, kidney, and lymphatic and hematopoietic systems)
Trichloroethene (kidney)
Benzene, Cadmium, Arsenic 433 Benzene (lymphoma, leukemia)
Cadmium (lung)
Arsenic (skin, lung, digestive tract, liver, urinary bladder, kidney, and lymphatic and hematopoietic systems)
Benzene, Vinyl Chloride, Trichloroethene 420 Benzene (lymphoma, leukemia)
Vinyl chloride (liver and bile duct)
Trichloroethene (kidney)
Arsenic, Vinyl Chloride, Trichloroethene 386 Arsenic (skin, lung, digestive tract, liver, urinary bladder, kidney, and lymphatic and hematopoietic systems)
Vinyl chloride (liver and bile duct)
Trichloroethylene (kidney)