Skip to main content
. 2025 Jun 18;12(6):250435. doi: 10.1098/rsos.250435

Figure 41.

Comparisons of ventral centrum morphotypes on vertebrae referred to monstersaur taxa

Comparisons of ventral centrum morphotypes on vertebrae referred to monstersaur taxa. (A) Deep pit on the ventral surface of the centrum, as observed on DMNH EPV.134394.2 (top, middle), monstersaur vertebra from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation (Fm) and USNM 10864 (Holotype, Palaeosaniwa canadensis, upper Campanian Oldman Fm, modified from [31], pl. XI, fig. 5a). (B) Shallow pit on the ventral surface of the centrum, as observed on UMNH VP 36373 (upper Campanian Kaiparowits Fm, left), and MOR 792 (Palaeosaniwa canadensis, Campanian Two Medicine Fm, modified from [30], fig. 5D). (C) Flat ventral surface, as observed on UMNH VP 16266 (left, upper Campanian Kaiparowits Fm), Heloderma horridum (middle, modern, UF:Herp:153328), Gobiderma pulchrum (IGM 3/905, Campanian Djadokhta Fm, modified from [12], fig. 46B), and Paraderma bogerti (modified from [7]). (D) Large depression on the ventral surface of the centrum, as observed on Estesia mongoliensis (IGM 3/15, Campanian Djadokhta Fm, modified from [1]). Anatomical abbreviations: vd, ventral depression; vp, ventral pit.