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. 2025 Jun 18;12(6):250435. doi: 10.1098/rsos.250435

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© 2025 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Comparisons of anterior nasal processes and nasolacrimal fossae of monstersaurian maxillae in medial view — Comparisons of anterior nasal processes and nasolacrimal fossae of monstersaurian maxillae in medial view. Thick grey line follows the anterior margin of the nasal process of the maxilla. (A) Mirror-imaged line drawing of Paraderma bogerti holotype left maxilla UCMP 54261 from the Maastrichtian Lance Formation (Fm), Wyoming, modified from Pregill et al. [22]. (B) Line drawing of UMNH VP 166266.3 (Bolg amondol) from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Fm, Utah. (C) Line drawing of right maxilla TMP1980.020.0037, referred to Palaeosaniwa canadensis from the upper Campanian Oldman Fm, Alberta, modified from Gao & Fox [7]. (D) Line drawing of OMNH 26742 holotype right maxilla of Primaderma nessovi from the Albian–Cenomanian Cedar Mountain Fm, modified from Nydam [10]. (E) Line drawing of UALVP 33346, a right maxilla referred to a new species of Parasaniwa from the upper Campanian Oldman Fm, modified from Gao & Fox [7]. (F) Line drawing of the right maxilla of Heloderma suspectum. Anatomical abbreviations: npr, nasal process; nlf, nasolacrimal fossa.