Table 2.

Comparison between autologous CAR T-cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies in treatment of patients with SARDs

	Autologous CAR T cells	Monoclonal antibodies
Advantage	Drug-free remission achieved through a single infusion Deep tissue depletion efficacy	Relatively safe Ready access without delay Standardized output across multiple productions Industrial-level production output
Disadvantage	Serious side effects Cytokine release syndrome Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome Severe infection associated with lymphodepletion pretreatment High costs Manufacturing complexity and time-consuming nature of production	Inconvenience of repeated administration Persistent medication uses to sustain disease remission Restricted therapeutic penetration beyond peripheral circulation

CAR: Chimeric Antigen Receptor, SARDs: systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.