Table 7.
Baseline demographics and characteristics of included RCTs.
| Author, year | Countries | Participants (intervention/control) | Patients type | Mean age | Sex (F/M) | AA formulation | Comparator | Intervention time | Duration of intervention | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murtas, 2024 (22) | Italy | 29 (14/15) | Hemodialysis | 73.2 | 15/14 | AminoDyal | Placebo | Novel mixture three times a week containing 5.4 g of AAs | 3 months | BUN; UA; ALB; TP; TRF; BMI |
| Murtas, 2022 (11) | Italy | 22 (11/11) | Hemodialysis | 67.7 | 13/9 | Amino-Ther-PRO | Placebo | A weekly total of 31.5 g AAs was given | 6 months | BUN; UA; ALB; TP; TRF; BMI |
| Bolasco, 2011 (23) | Italy | 29 (15/14) | Hemodialysis | 73.9 | 19/10 | Aminotrophic | Standard care | oral amino acid supplementation (4 g thrice a day) | 3 months | BUN; ALB; TP; BMI |
| Hladunewich, 2006 (21) | Canada | 45 (22/23) | Glomerular injury | 28.5 | 45/0 | L-arginine | Placebo | (3.5 g every 6 h), or intravenously (10 g every 8 h) | 10 days | RPF; GFR; ALB |
| Miller, 2003 (35) | Israel | 42 (21/21) | Chronic renal failure | 70.5 | 11/31 | L-arginine | Placebo | Prior to the angiographic examination (20 g) | Over20–30 min | BUN |
| Li, 2003 (37) | China | 60 (30/30) | Peritoneal dialysis | 46.0 | 28/32 | Nutrineal | Glucose | received one 2-L bag of Nutrineal (1.1% Total Amino Acids) every morning | 3 years | ALB; TRF |
| Schramm, 2002 (34) | Germany | 54 (28/26) | Kidney transplantation | 47.4 | 19/35 | L-arginine | Placebo (saline) | 0.75 g/kg body weight/day | 3 days | GFR; RPF |
| Nicola, 1999 (36) | Italy | 21 (11/10) | Chronic renal failure | 47.9 | 6/15 | L-arginine | Placebo | 0.2 g/kg body weight/day | 6 months | BUN; RPF; GFR; ALB |
| Jones, 1998 (38) | United States | 105 (54/51) | Peritoneal dialysis | 53.5 | 56/49 | Nutrineal | Glucose | Received one 2-L bag of Nutrineal (1.1% Total Amino Acids) every morning | 3 months | UA; ALB; TP; TRF |
AA, amino acids; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; RPF, renal plasma flow; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; UA, uric acid; ALB, albumin; TP, total protein; TRF, transferrin; BMI, body mass index.