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. 2025 Jun 13;16:1420630. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1420630

Table 4.

The hierarchical multiple regression models of demoralization.

Tools and measurements Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
β 95% CI β 95% CI β 95% CI
Block 1 sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
Employee status (yes vs. no) 0.160** 0.051~0.269 0.149** 0.045~0.253 0.110* 0.020~0.200
Monthly income
(<5,000 Yuan vs. 5,000~10,000 Yuan) 0.097 -0.065~0.259 0.094 -0.059~0.247 0.105 -0.028~0.237
(<5,000 Yuan vs. ≥10,000 Yuan) 0.184 -0.158~0.526 0.213 -0.111~0.538 0.155 -0.125~0.436
Education level
(junior school and below vs. senior high school) -0.146 -0.315~0.022 -0.107 -0.268~0.053 -0.116 -0.255~0.023
(junior school and below vs. college and above) -0.208 -0.602~0.185 -0.143 -0.516~0.230 -0.120 -0.443~0.203
Complications (yes vs. no) 0.325 -0.312~0.962 0.194 -0.410~0.798 0.212 -0.310~0.735
Block 2 perceived stress 0.341** 0.257~0.426 0.194** 0.118~0.270
Block 3 sleep disturbance 0.163** 0.139~0.187
R2 0.039 0.140 0.357
Adjust R2 0.026 0.127 0.346
△R2 0.039 0.102 0.217

**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.