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. 2025 Jun 13;16:1532969. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1532969

Table 2.

Fit statistics for the IRT Models for SDE and IM polytomous scoring.

Model Polytomous GRM
SDE IM
One factor Two factors Modified two factor One factor Two factors Modified two factor
−2LL −20222.100 −20085.330 −18215.880 −19840.54 −19819.54 −19921.85
M2 (df) 234.855973 (70)* 192.4555328 (69)* 96.093184 (44)* 234.855973 (70)* 192.4555328 (69)* 311.5418137 (72)*
RMSEA2 (CI.90%) .072 (.064, .081) .055 (.045, .064) .045 (.033, .058) .064 (.055, .073) .056 (.046, .065) .076 (.067, .085)
SRMSR .067 .063 .059 .067 .063 .098
AIC 40724.19 40452.67 36685.77 39961.09 39921.08 40119.7
BIC 41334.29 41067.12 37239.21 40571.18 40535.53 40721.08
saBIC 40889.85 40619.51 36836.00 40126.74 40087.92 40282.99
Estimated parameters 140 141 127 140 141 138
−2LLchange 136.77 (1), p < .001 21.00 (1), p < .001
1869.450 (14), p < .001 102.31 (3), p < .001

−2LL = log-likelihood test. RMSEA2, bivariate root mean square error of approximation; SRMSR, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; AIC, Akaike information criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; saBIC, sample size adjusted BIC. Bold indicates when model fit index indicates the better fitting model. The one-factor scale represents the unidimensional construct SDE or IM, two factors indicate items of SDE and IM divided in Denial and Enhancement based on reversed and non-reversed items, Modified two-factor model is a two-factor model after correcting for possible local dependence and item misfit (S-X2). *Statistically significant model misfit at p < .05. Bold indicates when model fit index indicates the better fitting model.