Table 2.

Virial etiology identification of CAP in the SEA region. Detection of pathogens is shown by actual number.

Study	Total tested	Positive rate (%)	FLU	hRV/EV	hMPV	RSV	PIV(I-IV)	BoV	Adv	hCoV	Other
Rammaert et al. [31]	1270	11.4	17	60	-	24	-	-	-	26	18
Vong et al. [32]	959	14.3	16	68	7	23	-	-	-	18	6
Farida et al. [33]	148	22.3	17	6	1	1	5	-	2	1	-
Toh et al. [34]	599	48.1	75	25	-	122	21	-	62	6	-
Pang et al. [35]	1106	10.3	114	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ng et al [36]	111	87.4a	NR	40	NR	26	NR	4	NR	NR	27
Suzuki et al. [37]	819	51.6	15	189	17	165	8	2	15	2	10
Lupisan et al. [38]	535	13.1	28	18b	6	11	4	-	3	-	-
Siow et al. [39]	100	33.0	15	10	2	0	3	-	1	2	-
Lim et al. [40]	520	4.2	2	3	2	1	-	-	3	1	10
Fry et al. (2007) [41]	1168	4.5	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	53	NR	NR	NR
Hara et al. [42]	119	9.2	7	2	0	2	0	-	-	0	-
Pratheepamornkull et al. [43]	91	46.2	0	11	-	22	0	-	9	0	-
Kositpantawong et al. [44]	1584	9.5	151	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Bunthi et al. [12]	223	85.2	7	64	8	51	13	40	31	10	103
Osman et al. [45]	242	21.5	47	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-
Poovieng et al. [46]	139	74.4	130	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	16
Wanlapakorn et al. [47]	100	93.0c	NR	48	NR	38	7	NR	NR	NR	NR
Takahashi et al. [48]	154	48.1	45	22	0	4	0	0	3	0	-

Adv, adenovirus; BoV, boca virus; Entero, entero viruses; FLU, influenza viruses which include influenza A (H3N2, H1N1, pH1N1) and influenza B viruses; hCoV, human coronaviruses which includes 229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 viruses; hRV/EV, human rhinovirus/enterovirus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; NR, not reported; PIV(I-IV), parainfluenza virus type I to IV; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; Others means those viruses not mentioned under individual viruses within the same study.

^a87.4 is the positive rate of four viruses (RV/EV, RSV, BoV, and SARS-CoV-2); the positive rate of the remaining individual viruses was not presented in the paper.

^b7 RV and one EV.

^c93.0% is based on the reported positive rate (only the top three common viruses were reported in the article.