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. 2025 Jun 24;20:8101–8118. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S516233

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© 2025 Jiang et al.

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(A) Nanoparticle penetration through the BBB in vitro. Proportion of pralidoxime chloride penetrating the BBB in vitro. (B) The fluorescence intensity of nanosilica spheres penetrating the BBB in vitro (n=3). Compared with the PAM-SiO₂ group, ****P<0.0001 and ***P<0.001; compared with the PAM group,####P<0.0001.