Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Overall population | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n=903) | Female (n=425) | p value | ||
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Age (years) | 59.3±14.2 | 59.2±17.6 | 0.910 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1±3.5 | 23.7±4.2 | 0.109 | |
| Risk factors & medical history | ||||
| Current smoker | 284 (31.5) | 16 (3.8) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 397 (44.0) | 189 (44.5) | 0.264 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 343 (38.0) | 125 (29.4) | 0.003 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 171 (18.9) | 69 (16.2) | 0.264 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 101 (11.2) | 38 (8.9) | 0.250 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 33 (3.7) | 14 (3.3) | 0.863 | |
| Cerebral vascular accident | 83 (9.2) | 30 (7.1) | 0.232 | |
| History of PCI | 249 (27.6) | 61 (14.4) | <0.001 | |
| History of CABG | 64 (7.1) | 23 (5.4) | 0.302 | |
| Etiology | <0.001 | |||
| AMI related CS | 485 (53.7) | 149 (35.1) | ||
| HF-related CS, ischemic | 94 (10.4) | 34 (8.0) | ||
| HF-related CS, non-ischemic | 224 (24.8) | 168 (39.5) | ||
| Other | 100 (11.1) | 74 (17.4) | ||
| Procedural characteristics | ||||
| ECPR | 450 (49.8) | 192 (45.2) | 0.127 | |
| Initial pump flow (L/min) | 3.1±0.9 | 2.9±0.8 | <0.001 | |
| Pump on time (min) | 35.9±27.8 | 37.0±40.6 | 0.764 | |
| Arterial cannula size (Fr) | 16.1±1.7 | 15.9±1.7 | 0.042 | |
| Venous cannula size (Fr) | 21.7±2.1 | 21.5±2.2 | 0.095 | |
| Venting | 141 (15.6) | 69 (16.2) | 0.835 | |
| Distal perfusion | 383 (42.4) | 186 (43.8) | 0.686 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 764 (84.8) | 346 (81.6) | 0.165 | |
| CRRT | 403 (44.6) | 176 (41.4) | 0.297 | |
| Vasopressor | 583 (90.4) | 274 (87.8) | 0.270 | |
| Preemptive distal perfusion | 383 (42.4) | 186 (43.8) | 0.686 | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
AMI = acute myocardial infarction; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CRRT = continuous renal replacement therapy; CS = cardiogenic shock; ECPR = extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; HF = heart failure; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.