Table 3. Independent predictors of procedure-related complications.
| Variables | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 1.52 (1.15–1.99) | 0.003 | 1.68 (1.13–2.49) | 0.009 | |
| Age (years) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.043 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.553 | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 0.391 | 1.54 (0.61–3.85) | 0.360 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) | 0.061 | 0.93 (0.64–1.34) | 0.685 | |
| Hypertension | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.132 | 0.91 (0.63–1.31) | 0.612 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.18 (0.84–1.64) | 0.329 | 1.32 (0.85–2.00) | 0.206 | |
| Current smoker | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | 0.626 | 1.07 (0.69–1.62) | 0.763 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.99 (0.63–1.51) | 0.964 | 1.00 (0.59–1.64) | 0.994 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.87 (0.40–1.78) | 0.750 | 0.43 (0.12–1.17) | 0.134 | |
| Cerebral vascular accident | 1.14 (0.71–1.77) | 0.586 | 1.07 (0.59–1.87) | 0.811 | |
| History of PCI | 1.05 (0.76–1.42) | 0.766 | 1.14 (0.75–1.73) | 0.534 | |
| History of CABG | 1.21 (0.71–1.98) | 0.459 | 1.31 (0.73–2.28) | 0.342 | |
| Ischemic etiology | |||||
| AMI-related CS | Reference | Reference | |||
| HF-related CS, ischemic | 1.08 (0.66–1.71) | 0.748 | 1.05 (0.59–1.80) | 0.862 | |
| HF-related CS, non-ischemic | 1.49 (1.10–2.01) | 0.009 | 1.49 (0.96–2.31) | 0.075 | |
| Other | 0.88 (0.56–1.36) | 0.581 | 0.72 (0.41–1.26) | 0.255 | |
| ECPR | 1.29 (0.99–1.69) | 0.057 | 1.42 (1.03–1.97) | 0.033 | |
| Vasopressor use | 1.10 (0.67–1.87) | 0.711 | 1.12 (0.67–1.92) | 0.676 | |
| Preemptive distal perfusion | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.52–0.98) | 0.037 | |
AMI = acute myocardial infarction; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CI = confidence interval; CS = cardiogenic shock; ECPR = extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; HF = heart failure; OR = odds ratio; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.
*Adjusted variables are sex, age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, current smoking habit, peripheral vascular disease, cerebral vascular accident, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, history of coronary artery bypass graft, etiology, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, vasopressor, and preemptive distal perfusion.