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. 2025 Jun 16;13:1610220. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1610220

Table 6.

Results from the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.

Variables Univariate Multivariate
β S. E Z p HR (95%CI) β S. E Z p HR (95%CI)
Gender
F 1.00 (Reference)
M −0.10 0.09 −1.07 0.284 0.91 (0.76–1.08)
Admission Age −0.00 19.39 −0.00 1.000 1.00 (0.00–32030507569812488.00)
Sofa Score 0.04 0.01 3.03 0.002 1.04 (1.02–1.07) 0.03 0.02 1.58 0.113 1.03 (0.99–1.06)
APSIII 0.01 0.00 6.50 <0.001 1.01 (1.01–1.01) 0.01 0.00 3.67 <0.001 1.01 (1.01–1.01)
Creatinine 0.02 0.02 0.81 0.416 1.02 (0.97–1.06)
Alt −0.00 0.00 −0.96 0.336 1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Ast −0.00 0.00 −0.88 0.379 1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Bilirubin total 0.01 0.01 2.89 0.004 1.01 (1.01–1.03) 0.00 0.01 0.23 0.821 1.00 (0.99–1.01)
RBC −0.15 0.06 −2.65 0.008 0.86 (0.77–0.96) −0.10 0.14 −0.76 0.450 0.90 (0.69–1.18)
WBC 0.01 0.00 2.99 0.003 1.01 (1.01–1.01) 0.01 0.00 2.37 0.018 1.01 (1.01–1.01)
Platelet 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.482 1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Hemoglobin −0.05 0.02 −2.41 0.016 0.95 (0.92–0.99) 0.01 0.05 0.12 0.903 1.01 (0.92–1.11)
Heart Rate −0.00 0.00 −0.05 0.960 1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Resp Rate 0.01 0.01 1.80 0.072 1.01 (1.00–1.02)
Sbp 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.094 1.00 (1.00–1.01)
Dbp 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.557 1.00 (1.00–1.01)
Propofol ICU Used
No 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
Yes −0.37 0.12 −2.99 0.003 0.69 (0.54–0.88) −0.04 0.13 −0.28 0.782 0.96 (0.75–1.25)
Dexmedetomidine ICU used
No 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
Yes −0.56 0.09 −6.25 <0.001 0.57 (0.48–0.68) −0.49 0.09 −5.27 <0.001 0.61 (0.51–0.73)
Midazolam ICU used
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes −0.11 0.10 −1.03 0.302 0.90 (0.73–1.10)
Tramadol ICU used
No 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
Yes −1.62 0.34 −4.80 <0.001 0.20 (0.10–0.38) −1.58 0.34 −4.66 <0.001 0.21 (0.11–0.40)
Congestive Heart Failure
No 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.19 0.09 2.10 0.035 1.21 (1.01–1.45) 0.33 0.10 3.46 <0.001 1.39 (1.16–1.68)
Cerebrovascular Disease
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.10 0.12 0.86 0.390 1.11 (0.88–1.40)
Chronic Pulmonary Disease
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.10 0.10 0.97 0.331 1.10 (0.91–1.33)
Diabetes
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes −0.05 0.10 −0.48 0.632 0.95 (0.79–1.15)
Renal Disease
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.12 0.10 1.20 0.231 1.13 (0.93–1.38)
Malignant Cancer
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.14 0.14 1.02 0.307 1.15 (0.88–1.51)
Metastatic Solid Tumor
No 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.83 0.18 4.65 <0.001 2.28 (1.61–3.23) 0.71 0.18 3.90 <0.001 2.03 (1.42–2.90)
Vasoactive
No 1.00 (Reference)
Yes 0.25 0.13 1.93 0.054 1.28 (1.00–1.65)