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. 2025 Jun 30;25(Suppl 1):288. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03878-x

Table 2.

Self-injection social norms scale items and properties

Item Exploratory Factor Analysis Loading Mean (SD)
How many people in your community believe it is acceptable for women to administer the DMPA-SC self-injectable to themselves? 0.50 2.52 (1.00)
How many married women in your community administer the DMPA-SC self-injectable to themselves? 0.77 2.11 (.91)
How many unmarried women in your community administer DMPA-SC self-injectable to themselves? 0.77 2.12 (.93)
How many adolescent girls in your community administer the DMPA-SC self-injectable to themselves? 0.65 1.95 (.91)
Overall mean score N/A 2.19 (CI: 2.16—2.22)

Response Options (5-point scale from 1–5). Higher scores = more positive self-injection social norms. Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.78