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. 2025 Jun 17;15:1592072. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1592072

Table 3.

Summary of cytokine secretion levels.

Peptide Concentration (µg/mL) IFN-γ (pg/mL) IL-2 (pg/mL) TNF-α (pg/mL)
0 (Control) 12.3 ± 2.1 8.9 ± 1.8 5.6 ± 1.2
5 45.7 ± 5.3 23.5 ± 3.6 14.8 ± 2.7
10 89.2 ± 7.6** 47.8 ± 4.9** 29.3 ± 3.4
20 132.5 ± 9.1*** 78.6 ± 6.8*** 41.2 ± 4.1*

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to the control group (0 µg/mL): p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***), determined by Student’s t-test.