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. 2025 Jul 1;11:72. doi: 10.1186/s40942-025-00696-z

Table 3.

Distribution of patients in relation to the investigated variables

n (%)
Time from injury incident to surgery (hours)
 ≤ 6 38 (67.9)
 7–12 2 (3.6)
 13–24 9 (16.1)
 25–48 3 (5.4)
 > 48 4 (7.1)
Injury type
 Globe rupture 16 (28.6)
 Penetrant injury 29 (51.8)
 Perforative injury 1 (1.8)
 IOFB 10 (17.9)
RAPD
 Yes 27 (48.2)
 No 29 (51.8)
Injury zone
 1 22 (39.3)
 2 26 (46.4)
 3 8 (14.3)
Initial BCVA
 NLP 4 (7.1)
 LP– HM 25 (44.6)
 0.005–0.095 7 (12.5)
 0.1–0.4 9 (16.1)
 ≥ 0.5 11 (19.6)
Final BCVA (after 6 months)
 NLP 7 (12.5)
 LP– HM 14 (25.0)
 0.005–0.095 4 (7.1)
 0.1–0.4 15 (26.8)
 ≥ 0.5 16 (28.6)

OTS

Median (IQR)

Range

70 (47–90)

20–100

OTS category
 1 12 (21.4)
 2 10 (17.9)
 3 15 (26.8)
 4 9 (16.1)
 5 10 (17.9)

n = number of patients; IOFB = intraocular foreign body; RAPD = relative afferent pupillary defect; zone of injury (according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology– BETT classification of ocular trauma): 1 = trauma involves cornea and limbus; 2 = extending posteriorly from the limbus up to 5 mm into the sclera; 3 = extending posteriorly more than 5 mm beyond the limbus; BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; NLP = no light perception; LP = light perception; HM = hand motion; IQR: Interquartile range; OTS: ocular trauma score; OTS category (sum of raw points): 1 = 0–44; 2 = 45–65; 3 = 66–80; 4 = 81–91; 5 = 92–100