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. 2025 Jul 1;11:72. doi: 10.1186/s40942-025-00696-z

Table 5.

Distribution of patients according to investigated variables in relation to the final BCVA

Final BCVA P*
NLP– 0.095
(n = 25)
≥ 0.1
(n = 31)
Time from injury to surgery (hours)
 ≤ 6 20 (80.0) 18 (58.1) 0.086
 > 6 5 (20.0) 13 (41.9)
RAPD
 Yes 21 (84.0) 6 (19.4) < 0.001
 No 4 (16.0) 25 (80.6)
Type of injury
 Globe rupture 15 (60.0) a 1 (3.2) b < 0.001
 Penetrant injury 9 (36.0) a 20 (64.6) b
 Perforative injury 0 (0.00) a 1 (3.2) a
 IOFB 1 (4.0) a 9 (29.0) b
Injury zone
 1 8 (32.0) 14 (45.2) 0.660
 2 13 (52.0) 13 (41.9)
 3 4 (16.0) 4 (12.9)
OTS category
 1 12 (48.0) a 0 (0.0) b < 0.001
 2 6 (24.0) a 4 (12.9) a
 3 7 (28.0) a 8 (25.8) a
 4 0 (0.0) a 9 (29.0) b
 5 0 (0.0) a 10 (32.3) b
Initial BCVA
 NLP 4 (16.0) a 0 (0.0) b < 0.001
 LP– HM 19 (76.0) a 6 (19.4) b
 0.005–0.095 2 (8.0) a 5 (16.1) a
 0.1–0.4 0 (0.0) a 9 (29.0) a
 ≥ 0.5 0 (0.0) a 11 (35.5) b

BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; n = number of patients; IOFB = intraocular foreign body; RAPD = relative afferent pupillary defect; zone of injury (according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology– BETT classification of ocular trauma): 1 = trauma involves cornea and limbus; 2 = extending posteriorly from the limbus up to 5 mm into the sclera; 3 = extending posteriorly more than 5 mm beyond the limbus; OTS category (sum of raw points): 1 = 0–44; 2 = 45–65; 3 = 66–80; 4 = 81–91; 5 = 92–100

Same letters (a, a) indicate no significant difference between the groups. Different letters (a or b) indicate a significant difference between the groups; *P = P-value: after applying the Bonferroni correction; bold results indicate a significance level of P < 0.05