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. 2025 Jun 18;17:1588488. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1588488

Table 2.

Demographic and clinical features of all participants based on CSVD burden severity.

Variable Total (n = 212) Mild CSVD burden group (n = 115) Severe CSVD burden group (n = 97) p-value
Age, median (IQR), year 67.0 (58–73) 65.0 (55–72) 70.0 (64–75) < 0.001*
Sex (male), n (%) 128 (60.4) 61 (53.0) 67 (69.1) 0.017*
Education, median (IQR), year 9 (6–12) 9 (9–12) 9 (6–12) 0.006*
BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 24.79 (23.12–26.49) 24.98 (22.86–26.49) 24.44 (23.14–26.56) 0.884
Current smoking, n (%) 46 (21.7) 22 (19.1) 24 (24.7) 0.323
Alcohol use, n (%) 36 (17.0) 15 (13.0) 21 (21.6) 0.096
Hypertension, n (%) 130 (61.3) 55 (47.8) 75 (77.3) < 0.001*
SBP, median (IQR), mmHg 138 (125–149) 135 (121–146) 140 (130–159) 0.001*
DBP, median (IQR), mmHg 81 ± 12.1 79 ± 11.7 84 ± 12.2 0.006*
Diabetes 64 (30.2) 28 (24.3) 36 (37.1) 0.044*
Coronary heart disease, n (%) 31 (14.6) 16 (13.9) 15 (15.5) 0.750
History of stroke 67 (31.6) 25 (21.7) 42 (43.3) 0.001*
Monocyte counts 0.34 (0.27–0.42) 0.33 (0.26–0.42) 0.35 (0.28–0.43) 0.297
TC, median (IQR), mmol/L 4.20 ± 1.09 4.35 ± 1.09 4.01 ± 1.07 0.024*
TG, median (IQR), mmol/L 1.11 (0.78–1.45) 1.08 (0.77–1.42) 1.14 (0.82–1.52) 0.358
HDL, median (IQR), mmol/L 1.15 (0.97–1.36) 1.18 (1.05–1.44) 1.08 (0.91–1.29) 0.002*
LDL, median (IQR), mmol/L 2.56 ± 0.79 2.67 ± 0.83 2.48 ± 0.75 0.066
Uric acid, median (IQR), umol/L 292.00 (235.20–355.20) 292.60 (233.50–350.10) 290.80 (238.40–363.05) 0.524
Serum tHcy, median (IQR), umol/L 13.20 (10.00–17.40) 12.40 (9.80–16.00) 14.2 (10.60–18.35) 0.024*
FPG, median (IQR), mmol/L 5.35 (4.84–6.31) 5.25 (4.85–6.00) 5.47 (4.80–6.67) 0.147
MHR, median (IQR) 0.302 (0.232–0.414) 0.296 (0.223–0.377) 0.352 (0.247–0.469) 0.001*
MMSE score 24 (19–27) 26 (23–28) 21 (16–24) < 0.001*

*p < 0.05. SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, Body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; tHcy, total homocysteine; MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.