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. 2025 Jun 18;16:1586544. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1586544

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Copyright © 2025 Saddozai, Liu, Yan, Lu, Khawar, Akbar, Khattak, Sun and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of ID3 expression and silencing on A673 cells. (A) mRNA levels of BDP1, CLEC11A, and ID3 were higher in A673 and RD-ES cells than in hBMSC cells. (B) ID3 siRNA transfection reduced ID3 expression in A673 cells, with the most effective siRNA selected for further experiments. (C) ID3 suppression altered the expression of multiple oncogenesis-associated genes, including p21 and p27. (D) Proliferation analysis showed ID3 silencing reduced A673 cell growth. (E, F) Flow cytometry revealed an increased percentage of A673 cells in the G2 phase following ID3 knockdown. A single* indicates a p-value < 0.05 statistically significant, two ** indicate p < 0.01 highly significant, three *** indicate p < 0.001 very highly significant, and four **** indicate p < 0.0001 extremely significant.