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. 2025 Jul 1;15:21715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08214-9

Table 4.

Comparison of scores among groups after surgery.

score Group Preoperative 3 months postoperative P1 12 months postoperative P2
VAS (Lumbar) BD 4.63 ± 0.78 1.99 ± 0.62 0.000 1.24 ± 0.55 0.000
BO 5.09 ± 0.79 2.09 ± 0.69 0.000 1.20 ± 0.52 0.000
VAS (Leg) BD 5.46 ± 0.89 1.92 ± 0.91 0.000 1.11 ± 0.77 0.000
BO 5.46 ± 0.82 2.05 ± 0.62 0.000 0.69 ± 0.79 0.000
ODI BD 34.08 ± 3.37 17.37 ± 2.59 0.000 12.21 ± 1.58 0.000
BO 33.34 ± 3.13 16.86 ± 2.05 0.000 11.86 ± 1.63 0.000

VAS, Visual Analog Scale; ODI, Lumbar Oswestry Disability Index; P1, the P-value between 3-month postoperative and pre-operative; P2, the P-value between 12-month postoperative and pre-operative.