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. 2025 Jul 1;15:21875. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07753-5

Table 1.

The chemical characteristics of the utilized cement.

Properties Composition content (%) Standard IQS, No. 541
Oxide composition
Alumina, Al2O3 5.04
Silica, SiO2 20.94
Ferric Oxide, Fe2O3 3.01
Lime, CaO 61.57
Sulphatic Anhydride, SO3 1.06 Max. 2.5
Magnesia, MgO 2.27 Max. 5
Compound composition
C3A 8.28
C2S 26.45
CS 44.52
C4AF 9.15
Free Lime 1.41
Loss on ignition 1.15 Max. 4
Solid solution 15.71
Insoluble residue 0.23