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. 2025 Jul 1;15:21875. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07753-5

Table 3.

Mix proportions for all specimens.

Phase Mix ID Cement (kg/m³) Sand (kg/m³) Untreated SS (kg/m³) Treated SS (kg/m³) Water (kg/m³) Replacement % Curing method
1 C0 500 750 250 0% Standard water
2 SSV1 500 742.5 7.5 250 1% (Sand) Nylon bag
SSV2 500 735 15 250 2% (Sand) Nylon bag
SSV3 500 727.5 22.5 250 3% (Sand) Nylon bag
3 SCNV1 495 750 5 250 1% (Cement) Standard water
SCNV2 490 750 10 250 2% (Cement) Standard water
SCNV3 485 750 15 250 3% (Cement) Standard water
4 SCTV1 495 750 5 250 1% (Cement) Standard water
SCTV2 490 750 10 250 2% (Cement) Standard water
SCTV3 485 750 15 250 3% (Cement) Standard water