. 2025 Jul 1;15:21796. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06863-4

Table 4.

Differences in retinal thickness between superior and inferior areas of the ETDRS grid.

ETDRS grid	P ^a	Superior < Inferior (eyes [%])		P ^b
ETDRS grid	P ^a	Total	Males	P ^b
Inner circle	< 0.001**	72 [27.1]	57 [79.2]	0.018*
Outer circle	< 0.001**	8 [3.0]	7 [87.5]	0.231

^aPaired t-test to evaluate the difference of mean value. ^bChi square test to evaluate the number of eyes in males which showed thicker retinal thickness in inferior parts. ETDRS grid, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.