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. 2025 Jul 1;15:21796. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06863-4

Table 5.

Associations between retinal thickness and systemic factors.

ETDRS grid Systemic Factors Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval P value
Center HbA1c 0.547 0.341–0.878 0.012*
Cre 0.809 0.159–4.127 0.799
HDLC 1.062 0.890–1.267 0.478
Inner Temporal HbA1c 0.632 0.407–0.983 0.042*
Cre 0.410 0.005–0.323 0.002*
HDLC 1.162 0.974–1.386 0.109
Inner Superior HbA1c 0.722 0.471–1.106 0.134
Cre 0.118 0.018–0.778 0.026*
HDLC 1.174 0.984-1.400 0.083
Inner Nasal HbA1c 0.771 0.508–1.171 0.222
Cre 0.417 0.079–2.206 0.303
HDLC 1.221 1.024–1.457 0.029*
Inner Inferior HbA1c 0.635 0.406–0.994 0.047*
Cre 0.027 0.003–0.226 < 0.001**
HDLC 1.221 1.024–1.457 0.029*

Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. ETDRS grid, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; Cre, creatinine; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Odds Ratios for HDLC were shown those per increase in 10 mg/dL. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.