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. 2025 Jul 1;15:20884. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05646-1

Table 1.

Composition and physicochemical characteristics of liquid SNEDDS (mean ± SD, n = 3).

F1 F2
A.Composition (% w/w)
Oleic acid 24.84 24.84
Atorvastatin 0.621 0.621
Tween 80 24.84 24.84
Span 80 59.63 59.63
Chitosan ------ 1.00
B.Physicochemical Properties
Size (nm) 36.68 ± 3.21 272.7 ± 6.18
PDI 0.251 ± 0.01 0.40 ± 0.04
Zeta potential (mV) -29.22 ± 0.65 -4.55 ± 2.57
Viscosity (mPa.s) 16.29 ± 1.05 22.12 ± 1.48
Surface tension (Dyne/cm) 0.069 ± 0.005 0.056 ± 0.003
Density (g/cm3) 1.125 ± 0.111 1.243 ± 0.052
pH 5.62 ± 0.57 4.54 ± 0.71
Drug content (mg/ml) 5.86 ± 0.08 5.91 ± 0.03
Drug release Initial higher burst drug release followed by sustained release following Fickian diffusion Lower burst drug release followed by comparatively sustained drug release Fickian diffusion