Table 4.

Optimized hyperparameters of KAN with SADE.

Model	Hyperparameters	Tuning range/value	Selected value
SADE-KAN	Grid size—G	[3–12]	10
	Hidden layer (Depth)	[1,2,3]	2
	Neurons/hidden layer (Width)	[30,40,50,60]	50
	Epochs	Fixed	200
	Optimizer	Fixed	Adam
	Batch Size	Fixed	32
	Activation	B-Spline	k = 3, G = 10