Table 3.
Other secondary outcomes of patients
| Group C (N = 58) | Group D (N = 58) | Group DS (N = 57) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intranasal sedation success patients (n, %) | / | 52(89.7%) | 52(91.2%) | |
| Time to achieve satisfactory sedation (min) | / | 22.41(2.47) | 18.65(2.15) | < 0.001 |
| ICC score | 3(2–5) | 2(1–2) a,b | 1(0–2) a | 0.001 |
| Consumption of remifentanil (ug·kg−1·min−1) | 0.35(0.30–0.45) | 0.35(0.26–0.45) | 0.31(0.27–0.40) | 0.081 |
| Incidence of emergence delirium (n, %) | 26(44.8%) | 15(25.9%) | 7(12.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Ramsay score | 2(1–2[1–5]) | 2(2–3 [1–5]) a | 2(2–2[1–4]) b | 0.001 |
| Extubation time (min) | 18(12–23) | 21(16–29) a | 15(13–21) b | 0.001 |
| Time out of PACU (min) | 16(15–20) | 20(16–22) a | 16(16–20) b | 0.001 |
| Duration of postoperative hospital stay (day) | 1.07(0.26) | 1.03(0.18) | 1.04(0.19) | 0.604 |
| Incidence of using fentanyl in PACU (n, %) | 12(20.7%) | 6(10.3%) | 4(7.0%) | 0.071 |
| Sleep quality on the first postoperative day | 5(4.00–6.00) | 3 (2.75–5.00) a | 3(2.00–4.00) a | < 0.001 |
| Adverse events (n, %) | ||||
| nausea and vomiting | 5(8.6%) | 3(5.2%) | 4(7%) | 0.708 |
| fever | 3(5.2%) | 4(6.9%) | 4(7%) | 0.902 |
| increased secretions | 4(6.9%) | 3(5.2%) | 6(10.5%) | 0.545 |
| nightmares | 2(3.4%) | 2(3.4%) | 5(8.8%) | 0.333 |
Data are presented as the mean (SD), number (proportion), or median (inter-quartile range) or median (inter-quartile range[range])
Group C the control group, Group D the dexmedetomidine group, Group DS the combination group
ICC: Induction Compliance Checklist
a: P < 0.017 vs Group C
b: P < 0.017 vs Group D